In Patanjali’s Yoga Sutra 2.3, the 5 kleshas in yoga are identified as the root causes of all human suffering. These kleshas, or afflictions, are obstacles that hinder spiritual progress. Patanjali describes them as "Avidya-Asmita-Raga-Dvesha-Abhinivesa." Understanding and overcoming the five kleshas is key to freeing oneself from mental and emotional disturbances.
- Avidya: Ignorance
- Asmita: Ego, the sense of "I"
- Raga: Attachment
- Dvesha: Aversion
- Abhinivesah: Fear of death, clinging to life
The word "klesha" means painful or afflicted. Each of these afflictions is deeply rooted in our existence, and overcoming them is essential for a peaceful life. Let’s explore the types of kleshas and ways to work through them.
Avidya: Ignorance
The most fundamental of the 5 kleshas is Avidya, or ignorance. It is the misperception of reality, where we mistake the impermanent for permanent. For example, we obsess over physical appearance, not realizing that youth and beauty are fleeting. To overcome this klesha, we must accept that change is the only constant in life. Instead of resisting, learn to age gracefully and embrace life’s transitions.
Asmita: Ego
Asmita, the sense of "I," is another significant affliction in the five kleshas. Ego creates a separation between ourselves and others, making us defensive and judgmental. Many of us don’t even realize how much ego influences our behavior. To counteract this, practice self-reflection and mindfulness. Be an objective observer of your thoughts and reactions, and acknowledge when your ego is at play. Awareness is the first step toward overcoming this klesha.
Raga: Attachment
Raga, or attachment, refers to our deep desires and cravings, which lead to suffering. We attach ourselves to people, possessions, and experiences, creating an endless cycle of wanting more. Whether it's family, material objects, or even our smartphones, attachments bind us. To balance this klesha, strive for moderation. Keep your desires in check and practice detachment by focusing on the things you need rather than the things you want.
Dvesha: Aversion
Dvesha, or aversion, represents our strong dislikes and avoidance of things outside our comfort zone. We all experience Dvesha when we reject people, experiences, or situations because they make us uncomfortable. Yet, it’s often in discomfort that we grow the most. To overcome this klesha, challenge yourself to face situations that you would typically avoid. For example, if you have a difficult relative you tend to avoid, confront the situation with calmness and wisdom. Growth lies in stepping out of your comfort zone.
Abhinivesha: Fear of Death
The final klesha is Abhinivesha, the fear of death or an excessive attachment to life. This fear can consume us, reducing our focus on the present and inhibiting spiritual growth. The best way to overcome this klesha is to live each day fully, as if it were your last. Create a priority list to focus on what matters most, and be gentle with yourself and your loved ones. Let go of the fear and embrace life’s natural cycle.
Conclusion
The 5 kleshas in yoga all stem from ignorance. As we begin to practice yoga and mindfulness, awareness starts to grow, illuminating the ignorance that fuels these afflictions. By shedding light on the types of kleshas and working to transcend them, we can move toward greater peace, clarity, and spiritual freedom. The practice of yoga guides us on this journey, enabling us to overcome the 5 kleshas Patanjali speaks of, and bringing us closer to self-realization and inner harmony.
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